PART 1: Theoretical Knowledge

While the term “PYD” has been used in different ways and contexts there are some similarities among several models. Traditionally approaches to development and related research have focused for years on problems that children and young people may encounter while growing up, such as learning difficulties, antisocial behaviors, affective disorders. The interest for positive resources and strengths is more recent. Known as Positive Youth Development (PYD), this perspective introduces a more affirmative and welcome vision of young people (Damon, 2004) and of their development. Accordingly, while acknowledging the existence of adversities and developmental challenges that may affect development in various ways, it resists conceiving of the developmental process mainly as an effort to overcome deficits and risk.

PYD is a strength-based approach in which youth develop by identifying and honing skills, competencies, and interests in a way that helps them reach their full potential. PYD also emphasizes that youth themselves play an active role in their development. From a PYD perspective, a standard of health is not merely “problem-free” nor merely competent but emphasizes the extent to which a young person experiences optimal development.

Several models and approaches of PYD have been developed. Here, Lerner’s 5Cs and 6Cs model is described.